The Mexican Revolution
A Brief History with DocumentsFirst Edition ©2012
During the Mexican Revolution a remarkable alliance of peasants, working and middle classes, and elites banded together to end General Porfirio Diaz’s thirty-five year rule as dictator-president and created a radical new constitution that demanded education for all children, redistributed land and w...
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Institutional Prices
During the Mexican Revolution a remarkable alliance of peasants, working and middle classes, and elites banded together to end General Porfirio Diaz’s thirty-five year rule as dictator-president and created a radical new constitution that demanded education for all children, redistributed land and water resources, and established progressive labor laws. In this collection, Mark Wasserman examines the causes, conduct, and consequences of the revolution and carefully untangles the shifting alliances of the participants. In his introduction Wasserman outlines the context for the revolution, rebels’ differing goals for land redistribution, and the resulting battles between rebel leaders and their generals. He also examines daily life and the conduct of the revolution, as well as its national and international legacy. The accompanying selected sources include political documents along with dozens of accounts from politicians and generals to male and female soldiers, civilians, and journalists. Collectively they offer insight into the reasons for fighting, the politics behind the war, and the revolution’s international legacy. Document headnotes, a chronology, selected bibliography, and questions for consideration provide pedagogical support.
“Wasserman is spot on with his choice of documents. They illustrate well the immediacy of revolutionary concerns and the breadth of revolutionary culture.”
—Thomas Whigham, University of Georgia
“The author adeptly guides the students from discussions of why people rebelled to the consequences of the revolution. I very much appreciate (as will students) the sections on the lives of ordinary people.”
—Stephanie Smith, The Ohio State University“This valuable and succinct collection gives voice to people who made and witnessed the Mexican revolution. It is a welcome addition to any class on Modern Mexico and the place the revolution had in its making.”
—Paul Hart, Texas State University, San Marcos
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of maps and illustrations
Preface
List of maps and illustrations
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION: THE CAUSES, COURSE, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION
The Background of the Revolution
The Origins of the Revolution
Victory, Counterrevolution, and Civil War
The Hard Life of the Revolution
The Results of the Revolution
International Ramifications
Conclusion
The Background of the Revolution
The Origins of the Revolution
Victory, Counterrevolution, and Civil War
The Hard Life of the Revolution
The Results of the Revolution
International Ramifications
Conclusion
PART TWO. THE DOCUMENTS
1. The Causes of the Revolution
1. The Partido Liberal Mexicano, The Program of the Liberal Party, 1906
2. James Creelman, Interview with Porfirio Díaz, 1908
3. Francisco I. Madero, The Plan of San Luis Potosí, 1910
4. Emiliano Zapata, The Plan of Ayala, 1911
5. Francsico “Pancho” Villa, Dreams for a Future Mexico, ca. 1913
6. John Kenneth Turner, Barbarous Mexico, 1910
7. B. Traven, Corruption, 1921
8. José Guadalupe Posada, The Bloody Events in the City of Puebla, 1910
2. At War
9. John Reed, Villa’s Rules of War, 1914
10. John Reed, The Horrors of Battle, 1914
11. Francisco “Pancho” Villa, The Battle of Tierra Blanca, November 21, 1913
12. J. B. Treviño, A Losing General’s Perspective. ca. 1916
13. Emiliano Zapata, The Possibility of Alliance with Villa
14. Alvaro Obregón, The Battle at Celaya, April 13-15, 1915
3. Soldiers Lives
15. John Reed, The Soldaderas, 1914
16. Anthony Quinn, A Soldier’s Wife, 1972
17. Veterans of the Mexican Revolution, Experiences of the War, 1910–1920
18. Marcelo Caraveo, Fighting without Pay, 1911
19. Anita Brenner and George Leighton, Photographs of Soldiers and Soldaderas, ca. 1910-1920
20. Adelita, ca. 1910-1920
4. Civilians Lives
21. Gregorio López y Fuentes, El India, 1937
22. Guillermo Bonfil Batalla, My Village During the Revolution, 1984
23. Edith Henry, The Death of Frank Henry, 1916
24. Frank Galvan, Escaping the Revolution, 1973
1. The Causes of the Revolution
1. The Partido Liberal Mexicano, The Program of the Liberal Party, 1906
2. James Creelman, Interview with Porfirio Díaz, 1908
3. Francisco I. Madero, The Plan of San Luis Potosí, 1910
4. Emiliano Zapata, The Plan of Ayala, 1911
5. Francsico “Pancho” Villa, Dreams for a Future Mexico, ca. 1913
6. John Kenneth Turner, Barbarous Mexico, 1910
7. B. Traven, Corruption, 1921
8. José Guadalupe Posada, The Bloody Events in the City of Puebla, 1910
2. At War
9. John Reed, Villa’s Rules of War, 1914
10. John Reed, The Horrors of Battle, 1914
11. Francisco “Pancho” Villa, The Battle of Tierra Blanca, November 21, 1913
12. J. B. Treviño, A Losing General’s Perspective. ca. 1916
13. Emiliano Zapata, The Possibility of Alliance with Villa
14. Alvaro Obregón, The Battle at Celaya, April 13-15, 1915
3. Soldiers Lives
15. John Reed, The Soldaderas, 1914
16. Anthony Quinn, A Soldier’s Wife, 1972
17. Veterans of the Mexican Revolution, Experiences of the War, 1910–1920
18. Marcelo Caraveo, Fighting without Pay, 1911
19. Anita Brenner and George Leighton, Photographs of Soldiers and Soldaderas, ca. 1910-1920
20. Adelita, ca. 1910-1920
4. Civilians Lives
21. Gregorio López y Fuentes, El India, 1937
22. Guillermo Bonfil Batalla, My Village During the Revolution, 1984
23. Edith Henry, The Death of Frank Henry, 1916
24. Frank Galvan, Escaping the Revolution, 1973
5. Revolutionary Politics
25. Martín Luis Guzmán, The Eagle and the Serpent, 1928
26. Venustiano Carranza, The Agrarian Law, January 6, 1915
27. Casa de Obrero Mundial, The Pact with Carranza and the Establishment of the Red Batallions, 1915
28. Eduardo Iturbide, A Counterrevolutionary Governs the Federal District, 1914
29. Luis García Pimentel, The Oligarchy’s Perspective, 1912
30. Francisca García Ortiz, Speech to the Feminist Congress in Yucatán, 1916
6. The Revolution’s Achievements
31. Constitutional Convention, The Constitution of 1917: Article 27, 1917
32. Constitutional Convention, The Constitution of 1917: The Labor Provisions of Article 123, 1917
33. Rosalie Evans, Letters from Mexico, 1920-1923
7. International Ramifications
34. Henry Lane Wilson, Ten Tragic Days, 1913
35. Edith O’Shaughnessy, A Diplomat’s Wife, 1914
36. Walter Hines Page, The Zimmerman Telegram, 1917
37. Charles F. Simon, Testimony in Support of His Claim against the Republic of Mexico, 1919
38. Marion Letcher, American British, and Mexican Investment in Mexico, 1911
39. The United States-Mexican Commission, The Bucareli Agreements, 1923
25. Martín Luis Guzmán, The Eagle and the Serpent, 1928
26. Venustiano Carranza, The Agrarian Law, January 6, 1915
27. Casa de Obrero Mundial, The Pact with Carranza and the Establishment of the Red Batallions, 1915
28. Eduardo Iturbide, A Counterrevolutionary Governs the Federal District, 1914
29. Luis García Pimentel, The Oligarchy’s Perspective, 1912
30. Francisca García Ortiz, Speech to the Feminist Congress in Yucatán, 1916
6. The Revolution’s Achievements
31. Constitutional Convention, The Constitution of 1917: Article 27, 1917
32. Constitutional Convention, The Constitution of 1917: The Labor Provisions of Article 123, 1917
33. Rosalie Evans, Letters from Mexico, 1920-1923
7. International Ramifications
34. Henry Lane Wilson, Ten Tragic Days, 1913
35. Edith O’Shaughnessy, A Diplomat’s Wife, 1914
36. Walter Hines Page, The Zimmerman Telegram, 1917
37. Charles F. Simon, Testimony in Support of His Claim against the Republic of Mexico, 1919
38. Marion Letcher, American British, and Mexican Investment in Mexico, 1911
39. The United States-Mexican Commission, The Bucareli Agreements, 1923
Appendixes
A Chronology of the Mexican Revolution (1810–1940)
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
A Chronology of the Mexican Revolution (1810–1940)
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index
Authors
Mark Wasserman
Mark Wasserman (Ph.D., University of Chicago) is professor of history at Rutgers University. He is the author of Everyday Life and Politics in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Men, Women, and War; Persistent Oligarchs: Elites and Politics in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1910–1940; and Capitalists, Caciques, and Revolution: The Native Elite and Foreign Enterprise in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1854–1911. He is also the coauthor of Latin America and Its People, Second Edition, with Cheryl E. Martin. He has previously served as president of the Conference on Latin American History.
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