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Table of Contents

Please Note: Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16, Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30, and Since 1300 includes Chapters 11-30.

CHAPTER 11 The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450

11-1 The Psychological and Emotional Impact of the Plague

GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO, The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence (ca. 1350)

11-2 A Town Chronicler Describes the Black Death

AGNOLO DI TURA, Sienese Chronicle (1348-1351)

11-3 Social and Economic Unrest in England

The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)

11-4 Popular Religious Responses to the Plague

Flagellants in the Netherlands Town of Tournai (1349)

11-5 CATHERINE OF SIENA, Letter to Gregory XI (1372)

11-6 The Debate over Joan of Arc’s Clothes (1429)

12-1 An Italian Admirer of the Classical Past

PETRARCH, Letter to Livy (1350)

12-2 Power Politics During the Italian Renaissance

NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI, The Prince (1513)

12-3 A Description of the Ideal Courtier

BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE, The Book of the Courtier (1528)

12-4 A Humanist Prescription for the Education of Princes

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS, The Education of a Christian Prince (1516)

12-5 A Female Author Argues for the Education of Women

CHRISTINE DE PIZAN, The Book of the City of Ladies: Against Those Men Who Claim It Is Not Good for Women to Be Educated (1404)

12-6 ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI, Susannah and the Elders (1610)

12-7 ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI, Judith and Holofernes (1612)

13-1 Martin Luther Takes a Stand

MARTIN LUTHER, Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences (1517)

13-2 Reformation Propaganda

HANS HOLBEING THE YOUNGER, Luther as the German Hercules (ca. 1519)

13-3 HEINRICH KRAMER, Malleus Maleficarum (The Hammer of Witches) (1487)

13-4 JEAN BODIN, On the Demon-Mania of Witches (1580)

13-5 Calvin Defines His Protestant Vision

JOHN CALVIN, The Institutes of Christian Religion (1559)

13-6 Training the Soldiers of Christ

IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, Rules for Right Thinking (1548)

CHAPTER 14 European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650

14-1 Columbus Sets the Context for His Voyage

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Diario (1492)

14-2 Cortés Describes the Conquest of the Aztecs

Hernán Cortés, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs (1521)

14-3 ALVISE DA CA’DA MOSTO, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth- Century Slave Trade in West Africa (1455-1456)

14-4 KING NZINGA MBEMBA AFFONSO OF CONGO, Letters on the Slave Trade (1526)

14-5 Circumnavigating the Globe

Navigation and Voyage Which Ferdinand Magellan Made from Seville to Maluco in the Year 1519 (1519-1522)

14-6 A Critique of European "Superiority"

MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE, Of Cannibals (1580)

15-1 A French King Establishes Limited Religious Toleration

HENRY IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)

15-2 An Argument for the Divine Right of Kings

JEAN DOMAT, Of the Government and General Policy of a State (1689)

15-3 The English Place Limits on Monarchical Power

The Bill of Rights (1689)

15-4 A Tsar Imposes Western Styles on the Russians

PETER THE GREAT, Edicts and Decrees (1699-1723)

15-5 THOMAS HOBBES, Leviathan (1651)

15-6 JOHN LOCKE, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution (1690)

16-1 A New Model of the Solar System

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1542)

16-2 A Defense of Science

FRANCIS BACON, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science (1620)

16-3 A Defense of a Sun-Centered Universe

GALILEO GALILEI, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany (1615)

16-4 CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE MONTESQUIEU, The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers (1748)

16-5 JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will (1762)

16-6 A Philosophe Argues for Religious Toleration

VOLTAIRE, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)

17-1 The "Potato Revolution"

WILLIAM SALMON, The Family Dictionary, or Household Companion (1695) and THOMAS RUGGLES, Annals of Agriculture and Other Useful Arts (1792)

17-2 Defining and Defending Mercantilism

THOMAS MUN, England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664)

17-3 Critiquing Mercantilism

ADAM SMITH, The Wealth of Nations (1776)

17-4 OLAUDAH EQUIANO, A Description of the Middle Passage (1789)

17-5 ROBERT, FIRST BARON CLIVE, Speech in the House of Commons on India (1772)

18-1 The Dangers of Eighteenth-Century Life

EDMOND WILLIAMSON, Births and Deaths in an English Gentry Family (1709-1720)

18-2 Embracing Innovation in Medicine

MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, On Smallpox Inoculations (ca. 1717)

18-3 Shaping Young Minds and Bodies

JOHN LOCKE, Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

18-4 JOHN WESLEY, The Ground Rules for Methodism (1749)

18-5 THOMAS PAINE, The Age of Reason (1794)

19-1 An Englishman Describes the Suffering of the Third Estate

ARTHUR YOUNG, Travels in France During the Years 1787, 1788, 1789 (1787-1789)

19-2 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)

19-3 The Law of 22 Prairial (1794)

19-4 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, The Napoleonic Code (1804)

19-5 Challenging the Limits of Equality

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

19-6 The Revolution in the French Colonies

FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti (1797)

20-1 Predicting a Population Catastrophe

THOMAS MALTHUS, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

20-2 FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1844)

20-3 Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)

20-4 NED LUDD, Yorkshire Textile Workers Threaten a Factory Owner (ca. 1811-1812)

20-5 Creating an Industrial Utopia

ROBERT OWEN, A New View of Society (1813)

20-6 Child Labor in an Industrial Age

The Child of the Factory (1842)

21-1 Touting the Values of Industrial Technology

ANDREW URE, The Philosophy of the Manufacturers (1835)

21-2 KLEMENS VON METTERNICH, Political Confession of Faith (1820)

21-3 JOHN STUART MILL, On Liberty (1859)

21-4 KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

21-5 Following Mademoiselle Liberté

EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Liberty Leading the People (1830)

21-6 Workers Demand the Vote

The People’s Charter (1838)

21-7 The Misery of the Potato Famine

WILLIAM STEUART TRENCH, Realities of Irish Life (1847)

22-1 Sanitation and Public Health

SIR EDWIN CHADWICK, Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Poor (1842)

22-2 Life in London’s East End

JACK LONDON, The People of the Abyss (1902)

22-3 ISABELLA BEETON, Mrs. Beeton’s Book of Household Management (1861)

22-4 Dressing the Respectable Woman (ca. 1890)

22-5 EMMELINE PANKHURST, My Own Story (1914)

22-6 A New Creation Story

CHARLES DARWIN, The Descent of Man (1871)

22-7 Weeding Out the Weak

HERBERT SPENCER, Social Statics: Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind (1851)

23-1 Romantic Nationalism in Italy

A Good Offer (1860)

23-2 GIUSEPPE MAZZINI, On Nationality (1852)

23-3 OTTO VON BISMARCK, Speech Before the Reichstag: On the Law for Workers’ Compensation (1884)

23-4 A Revolution in Paris

JOHN LEIGHTON, Paris Under the Commune (1871)

23-5 An Indictment of France’s Military Elite

ÉMILE ZOLA, "J’Accuse" the French Army (1898)

24-1 COMMISSIONER LIN ZEXU, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)

24-2 EVELYN BARIN, EARL OF CROMER, Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882 (1908)

24-3 British Conquests in Africa

The Rhodes Colossus (1892)

24-4 A White Explorer in Black Africa

HENRY MORTON STANLEY, Autobiography (1909)

24-5 An Anti-Imperialist Pamphlet

MARK TWAIN, King Leopold’s Soliloquy (1905)

24-6 Questioning the Economics of Imperialism

J. A. HOBSON, Imperialism (1902)

25-1 HENRI BARBUSSE, The Story of a Squad (1916)

25-2 Klaxon Horn Used to Warn of Gas Attacks (1917)

25-3 Is YOUR Home Worth Fighting For? (1915)

25-4 Women and the War

HELENA SWANWICK, The War in Its Effect upon Women (1916)

25-5 Preparing for the Coming Revolution

VLADIMIR I. LENIN, What Is to Be Done? (1902)

25-6 Making the World Safe for Democracy

WOODROW WILSON, The Fourteen Points (1918)

25-7 The Bitter Taste of Defeat

A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty (1919)

26-1 Discovering the Self

SIGMUND FREUD, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)

26-2 The Great Depression in America

Unemployed Men Arrive at the Capitol in Washington, D.C. (1932)

26-3 An Analysis of the Versailles Treaty

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920)

26-4 Postwar Economic Crisis in Germany

Hyperinflation in Germany (1923)

26-5 OSCAR DE LACY AND LILY WEBB, Hunger March Speeches (1932)

26-6 HEINRICH HAUSER, With the Unemployed in Germany (1933)

26-7 German Communist Party Poster (1932)

27-1 A Culture of Paranoia and Coercion

VLADIMIR TCHERNAVIN, I Speak for the Silent (1930)

27-2 Stalin Touts the Successes of the Five-Year Plans

JOSEPH STALIN, Speech Given to the Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow (1946)

27-3 ADOLF HITLER, Mein Kampf: The Art of Propaganda (1924)

27-4 Soviet Propaganda Posters (1941 and 1945)

27-5 Freedom’s Last Line of Defense

WINSTON CHURCHILL, Speech Before the House of Commons (June 18, 1940)

27-6 Legislating Racial Purity

The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation (1935)

27-7 The First Steps Toward a "Final Solution"

ALFRED ROSENBERG, The Jewish Question as a World Problem (1941)

28-1 The United States Rebuilds Europe

GEORGE C. MARSHALL, An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe (June 5, 1947)

28-2 The Stalinist Gulag

ALEXANDER SOLHENITSYN, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)

28-3 WINSTON CHURCHILL, "Sinews of Peace" Speech (March 5, 1946)

28-4 JOSEPH STALIN, Interview Regarding Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech (March 14, 1946)

28-5 An Argument for Women’s Equality

SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR, The Second Sex (1949)

29-1 MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, Perestroika: A Soviet Leader Calls for Change (1987)

29-2 VÁCLAV HAVEL, New Year’s Address to the Nation (1990)

29-3 Tiananmen Square: Resistance to the Power of the State

JEFF WIDENER, Tank Man (1989)

29-4 Women Demand Fundamental Change

BETTY FRIEDAN, Statement of Purpose of the National Organization for Women: Defining Full Equality (1966)

29-5 Resisting through Unionization

LECH WALESA, Letter to the Council of State (1986)

30-1 AMARTYA SEN, A World Not Neatly Divided (November 23, 2001)

30-2 ABDOLKARIM SOROUSH, Militant Secularism (2007)

30-3 Protesting Globalization

A Greenpeace Activist at the G8 Summit (2001)

30-4 Arab Spring

A Tunisian Woman Casts Her Vote (2011)

30-5 Rising Nationalism: Britain Votes to Leave the European Union

NIGEL FARAGE AND OTHERS, Outcome of the Referendum in the United Kingdom (2016)

Authors

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks(Ph.D., University of Wisconsin–Madison) is Distinguished Professor of History, emerita, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. She is the long-time Senior Editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than thirty books, including A Concise History of the World. From 2017 to 2019 she served as the president of the World History Association.

Clare Haru Crowston

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) is Professor of history at the University of Illinois. She is the author of Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France and Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women’s History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies.

John P. McKay

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.

Joe Perry

Joe Perry (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is Associate Professor of modern German and European history at Georgia State University. His book Christmas in Germany: A Cultural History appeared in 2010. He is currently writing a history of the Berlin Love Parade and the electronic dance music scene in Germany in the 1990s and 2000s.

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